Transforming almond shell waste into high-value activators for low-carbon concrete: life cycle assessment and technoeconomic analysis

Low-carbon concrete, including through the use of alkali-activated binders (AABs), is being developed globally to meet construction industry decarbonization goals by reducing reliance on Portland cement (PC). However, the cost and environmental impacts of the alkaline resources conventionally used in AABs are among the factors that have hindered their application. Here, life-cycle assessment (scope A1-A3) and technoeconomic […]